When I visited Kennedy I thought I heard that there are a couple/few layers of tiles. They do come off and it it expected, especially during re-entry where the heat and force on them is extreme.
What I am surprised about is that there isn't a ceramic coating they can seal the tiles with to streamline the bottom of the shuttle more. That way as the coating burns off, it at least protects the tiles some more.
I wonder if they have thought of a shield to cover the shuttle during takeoff, like a pan that it sits in, which goes between the shuttle and the tank / boosters, sort of like a shim, or maybe sheilding the tank and boosters with an outer layer which would hold in the insulation.
Unfortunately as said before, the entire nature of the job is a huge risk, and even with all the safeguards they put in place, there is always a chance for tragedy. The shielding could come off under that force and take out a bigger chunk of shuttle. Think about how they grounded this mission because one of FOUR fuel sensors malfunctioned. Imagine having 4 fuel gauges on your Trac. That in itself shows the painstaking attention they pay to safety and redundancy of said safety devices.
I think their best bet is a self-contained craft that didn't need boosters and an external tank, but we're probably not going to see that in our lifetime. Less parts, less problems. People still forget the shuttle can't fly, it's just a glider. With all its weight, that in itself is amazing.
The reality is that these are brave, brave, souls. Their tradition is one of courage, intelligence, skill, and the raw fly by the seat of your pants intestinal fortitude which dictates that if all else should fail, strap yourself down to a rocket and ride that sonuvabench into the sky. I wonder what they pay for life insurance. It's expensive if you smoke, imagine riding a lot of explosives into a vaccum for a living. I'm sure NASA has to have one hell of a benefit program for them.
I think that this profession is one of the few left that everyone in this world looks at with admiration, pride, and respect. You cannot look further than the stars with most people, astronauts look to the next galaxy. I think that is what makes it so sad when a shuttle is lost.
I was one of the kids watching Christa McAuliffe on TV when she went up in the Challenger as the first teacher in space. I still remember everyone in disbelief in the classroom when that one went up. No one thought it would happen again, but after that one everyone really holds their breath everytime one of these launches. I think people finally understood what the spouses of astronauts feel before and during the entire mission until they are safely back home.
Discovery is supposed to have many high resolution cameras on it so that mission control could inspect it. If necessary, once the shuttle docks with the space station, the crew can repair it. Should damage be too extensive, they would hole up in the space station until another shuttle came to get them (I guess with the parts necessary to repair the damaged shuttle as well) and I guess this would go on until they could fix it so it could handle re-entry.
That in itself is a testament to the skill of these crews. They fly, maintain, and repair their craft while carrying out scientific experiments that a bunch of geniuses on the ground couldn't go up there to do for whatever reason.
Too bad they can't lower a cable from the space station and reel them up :lol: